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thumb A Stone–Wales defect is a crystallographic defect that involves the change of connectivity of two π-bonded carbon atoms, leading to their rotation by 90° with respect to the midpoint of their bond. The reaction commonly involves conversion between a naphthalene-like structure into a fulvalene-like structure, that is, two rings that share an edge vs two separate rings that have vertices bonded to each other. thumb The reaction occurs on carbon nanotubes, graphene, and similar carbon frameworks, where the four adjacent six-membered rings of a pyrene-like region are changed into two five-membered rings and two seven-membered rings when the bond uniting two of the adjacent rings rotates. In these materials, the rearrangement is thought to have important implications for the chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The rearrangement is an example of a pyracyclene rearrangement. == History == The defect is named after Anthony Stone and David Wales of Cambridge University, who described it in a 1986 paper on the isomerization of fullerenes. However, a similar defect was described much earlier by Peter Thrower in a paper on defects in graphite. For this reason, the term Stone–Thrower–Wales defect is sometimes used. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stone–Wales defect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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